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Ethereum is scheduled to activate the Fusaka update on December 3, 2025, at 21:49 UTC, with the implementation of PeerDAS technology. This innovation allows network nodes to store one-eighth of a block’s data, with the potential to boost theoretical scalability up to 8x for Layer 2 updates.
This marks the second major improvement to the Ethereum network in 2025, after the Pectra fork in May, which led to a 29% spike in ETH and set new standards for validators.
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Fusaka combines implementation and consensus layer optimizations
The Fusaka hard update combines the Fusaka execution layer update with the Fulu consensus layer update, bringing improvements that increase Ethereum’s scalability, security, and user experience. These changes support significantly higher transaction volumes across all Layer 1 and Layer 2 solutions Ethereum Ecosystem.
According to the analysis Coin Metrics,Fusaka improves Layer 1 production by increasing block capacity to improve data availability, resulting in significantly less expensive upgrades. The update comes as a direct follow-up to Pectra, which combines the Prague and Electra updates into the largest Ethereum hard fork to date.
The official announcement of Ethereum was confirmed in X On the impact of the upgrade on the Tier 2 ecosystem.
“Second major update this year. Highlights: PeerDAS – unlocks up to 8x more data passing. For updates, this means cheaper block fees and more room for growth,” said Ethereum.
Fusaka’s scope extends to infrastructure improvements, reduced contract resource requirements, and increased security through tighter computational constraints and improved gas pricing mechanisms.
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PeerDAS technology revolutionizes data availability
Peer Data Availability Sampling contributes (PearDAS) in Fusaka’s innovation, completely changing how nodes manage block data. Under PeerDAS, nodes now store one in eight of the network’s data, reducing storage requirements by about 80% while maintaining full data availability across the experimental distribution.
She declares Ethereum Foundation Documentation PeerDAS allows nodes to check data availability by randomly sampling small chunks of data across the network. This reduces bandwidth and storage barriers for node operators, increasing participation while supporting a larger overall block capacity.
For Layer 2 updates, which use Ethereum to publish transaction data, PeerDAS directly reduces block fees. The new upgrade capability enables higher transaction volumes to be processed with potential cost reductions, directly addressing key challenges in… Ethereum scale.
Additionally, Fusaka adds a parameter-only block fork, which allows Ethereum to modify block capacity targets and limits without requiring a full hard fork in the network. This gives developers the flexibility to quickly increase block targets in response to demand for updates without the need for major protocol updates.
Passkey integration aspires to enterprise adoption
Fusaka provides critical boosts to safety and efficiency. EIP-7918 shard fees are in line with the current network congestion, protecting the economic security of Ethereum. The update also limits the use of gas for a single transaction to 16,777,216 (2^24) gas units to eliminate the risk of denial of service from large transactions.
On the user experience front, native support for secp256r1 signatures enables password-style authentication using Apple Secure Enclave and Android Keystore. This eliminates the need for seed declarations, which can accelerate enterprise adoption. Sharplink CEO Joseph Sharom said Fusaka “represents a major turning point for Ethereum and its institutional adoption journey.”
However, analysts remain cautious about direct price comparisons. Pectra’s rise coincided with broader economic drivers, including a US-UK trade deal that boosted overall market sentiment. Fusaka’s impact may depend more on sustained L2 growth and institutional flows than direct speculative interest.
Unlike Pectra, which focused heavily on frozen storage efficiency and computational abstraction, Fusaka focuses on infrastructure scale, a less obvious but perhaps more fundamental improvement to Ethereum’s long-term competition against competitors like Solana.
